{
  "id": "cpi-annual-rates",
  "slug": "cpi-annual-rates",
  "title": "Annual inflation rates at selected checkpoints",
  "tag": "INFLATION / HEADLINE",
  "unit": "Percent change over preceding 12 months",
  "kind": "observed-rates",
  "metric": "value",
  "measure": "Not seasonally adjusted CPI-U all-items 12-month percent change",
  "geography": "United States: U.S. city average",
  "observation_type": "Four isolated, non-contiguous published observations",
  "coverage": "January 2021, June 2022, January 2025 and August 2026",
  "overview": "An annual percentage change is not a price-index level or a cumulative change since a particular presidency. Compare like-for-like 12-month observations, not an invented trend between them.",
  "caution": "The plotted checkpoints are NOT a complete monthly series. A 9.1% reading in June 2022 does not mean prices have fallen when a later 12-month rate is 3.4%.",
  "columns": [
    {
      "key": "period",
      "label": "Observed month"
    },
    {
      "key": "label",
      "label": "Release checkpoint"
    },
    {
      "key": "value",
      "label": "12-month inflation (%)"
    }
  ],
  "rows": [
    {
      "period": "2021-01",
      "label": "Jan 2021",
      "value": 1.4,
      "source_id": "bls-2021-01"
    },
    {
      "period": "2022-06",
      "label": "Jun 2022",
      "value": 9.1,
      "source_id": "bls-2022-06"
    },
    {
      "period": "2025-01",
      "label": "Jan 2025",
      "value": 3.0,
      "source_id": "bls-2025-01"
    },
    {
      "period": "2026-08",
      "label": "Aug 2026",
      "value": 3.4,
      "source_id": "bls-2026-08"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "bls-2021-01",
      "agency": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics",
      "title": "Consumer Price Index, January 2021",
      "url": "https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/cpi_02102021.htm",
      "published_on": "2021-02-10",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-11",
      "locator": "Table 1: unadjusted CPI-U all items and 12-month change"
    },
    {
      "id": "bls-2022-06",
      "agency": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics",
      "title": "Consumer Price Index, June 2022",
      "url": "https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/cpi_07132022.htm",
      "published_on": "2022-07-13",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-11",
      "locator": "Table 1: unadjusted CPI-U all items and 12-month change"
    },
    {
      "id": "bls-2025-01",
      "agency": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics",
      "title": "Consumer Price Index, January 2025",
      "url": "https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/cpi_02122025.htm",
      "published_on": "2025-02-12",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-11",
      "locator": "Table 1: unadjusted CPI-U all items and 12-month change"
    },
    {
      "id": "bls-2026-08",
      "agency": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics",
      "title": "Consumer Price Index, August 2026",
      "url": "https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/cpi_09112026.htm",
      "published_on": "2026-09-11",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-11",
      "locator": "Table A, Table 1 and Table 4: CPI-U levels, subcategories and selected regions"
    }
  ]
}